Electronics companies in India (PART I)

Electronics companies in India (PART I)

1) Texas Instruments (TI)
 

  Texas Instruments (TI) is a global analog and digital semiconductor IC design and manufacturing company. In addition to analog technologies, digital signal processing (DSP) and microcontroller (MCU) semiconductors, TI designs and manufactures semiconductor solutions for analog and digital embedded and application processing.TI is the third largest manufacturer of semiconductors worldwide after Intel and Samsung, the second largest supplier of chips for cellular handsets after Qualcomm, and the largest producer of digital signal processors (DSPs) and analog semiconductors, among a wide range of other semiconductor products, including calculators, microcontrollers and multi-core processors. After the acquisition of National Semiconductor in 2011, the company has a combined portfolio of nearly 45,000 analog products and customer design tools,making it the world's largest maker of analog technology components.  

  

visit   http://www.ti.com/

Texas Instruments India
 

  In August 1985, TI set up a R&D facility in Bangalore and became the first global technology company to establish its presence in India. Ever since, India has been a great resource for TI for great talent, great leadership and great innovation. TI India has achieved many 'firsts' in its impressive track record. In 1995, TI developed the first processor designed in India for control applications. The TI India R&D Center was extensively involved in developing 'LoCosto', the industry’s first single chip solution for wireless handsets. TI India is deeply involved in developing state-of-the-art solutions for applications like wireless handsets, wireless infrastructure (base stations), video (security and surveillance, IP phones, set-top boxes) etc. The company is working closely with its customers in India in a wide array of sectors such as industrial electronics (UPS, inverters, energy meters, lighting, etc.), medical electronics (ultrasound scanners, x-ray machines, ECG machines, MRI scanners, etc.), consumer, telecom and automotive.

 Career oppurtunities in India includes experienced,internships,new college graduates,technician/operator.

visit http://careers.ti.com/

TI university programme 

Forging Relations between Indian Universities and Texas Instruments.
It conducts TI India Analog Design Contest for engineering students from India.The contest aims at promoting analog IC based-hardware system design and is open to BE/BTech, ME/MTech and Ph. D. students from all recognized Indian academic institutions.It also conducts trainings on embedded/dsp design at various colleges.Lot of teaching and learning material on TI products  are available in their website
 

visit http://www.uniti.in/

TI Sample & Buy

 
Based on availability, you can order free samples of TI or national products and can use in your product design.TI's strong support community helps you in improving your designs.

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2) Advanced Micro Devices(AMD)

    AMD is an American multinational semiconductor company based in Sunnyvale, California, that develops computer processors and related technologies for commercial and consumer markets. Its main products include microprocessors, motherboard chipsets, embedded processors and graphics processors for servers, workstations and personal computers, and embedded systems applications.
AMD is the second-largest global supplier of microprocessors based on the x86 architecture and also one of the largest suppliers of graphics processing units.Since acquiring ATI in 2006, AMD and its competitor Nvidia have dominated the discrete graphics processor unit (GPU) market, together making up virtually 100% of the market.

visit http://www.amd.com/

AMD India

AMD India plays a significant role in the design of microprocessors, AMD Family of Accelerated Processing Units (APU) SoCs, graphics and media solutions. AMD has two design centers in India, located in Hyderabad and Bengaluru. With top-tier engineering talent, state of the art facilities, and world class management, AMD India has been delivering world-class, cost-effective System-On-Chips (SOCs), Hardware and Software platforms and high quality Intellectual Property.
Career oppurtunities in India includes experienced,internships,new college graduates.
 visit http://www.amd.com/us/aboutamd/careers/pages/careers.aspx

 

India Developer Zone

 
University Courses Offered in India  - Heterogeneous computing
 

Heterogeneous computing refers to systems that use more than one kind of processor.Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA) systems utilize multiple processor types (typically CPUs and GPUs), usually on the same silicon die, to give you the best of both worlds: GPU processing, apart from its well-known 3D graphics rendering capabilities, can also perform mathematically intensive computations on very large data sets, while CPUs can run the operating system and perform traditional serial tasks.
OpenCL(Open Computing Language) is the first truly open and royalty-free programming standard forgeneral-purpose computations on heterogeneous systems. OpenCL allows programmers to preserve their expensive source code investment and easily target multi-core CPUs, GPUs, and the new APUs.
 

A number of educational institutions now offer courses in OpenCL programming to help prepare developers for the new era of heterogeneous computing. 

visit http://developer.amd.com/Resources/IndiaZone/India%20University%20Programs/Pages/default.aspx
 

Heterogeneous computing Jobs in AMD India  http://developer.amd.com/Resources/IndiaZone/pages/HCJobs.aspx

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3) INTEL

Intel is the world's largest and highest valued semiconductor chip maker, based on revenue.It is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most personal computers.Intel also makes motherboard chipsets, network interface controllers and integrated circuits, flash memory, graphic chips, embedded processors and other devices related to communications and computing.

visit http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/homepage.html

INTEL INDIA

Intel India established a sales office in Bangalore in 1988. Ten years later, the Intel India Development Center (IIDC) commenced operations. IIDC is a critical engineering design and development center for key Intel products across CPUs, graphics, SoC, platforms and software with strong IT expertise and factory automation.Intel India is also expanding its high-end technology research and development efforts to include areas like Mobile Internet Devices, high-density packaging, thermal management and health platforms.Created as a state-of-the-art research and development facility in Bangalore, the Intel India Systems Research Center enables the finest engineers from the region and around the world to create the next generation of computing platforms that will transform the way we live, work and play.

Career and internship oppurtunities at intel

http://www.intel.com/jobs/india/students/

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4) XILINX

Xilinx is known for inventing the field programmable gate array (FPGA) and as the first semiconductor company with a fabless manufacturing model.Xilinx is the world’s leading provider of All Programmable FPGAs, SoCs and 3D ICs. These industry-leading devices are coupled with a next-generation design environment and IP to serve a broad range of customer needs, from programmable logic to programmable systems integration.
Xilinx product lines include the Virtex, Kintex and Artix series, each including configurations and models optimized for different applications.With the introduction of the Xilinx 7 Series in June, 2010, the company has moved to three major product families, the high-end Virtex, the mid-range Kintex family and the low-cost Artix family, retiring the Spartan brand, which ends with the Xilinx Series 6 FPGAs.Areas of application are Automotive,Broadcast,Datacentre,medical ,Security,video/image processing,industrial,consumer electronics,audio,high performance computing,wireless,wired.

visit http://www.xilinx.com/ 

XILINX INDIA

Xilinx opened their Hyderabad facility in 2006.Engineers are working on IC design, IP development, software development and systems and applications development.

For career http://www.origin.xilinx.com/hr/
 

Xilinx University Program (XUP)
 

http://www.origin.xilinx.com/university/students/index.htm
 

ESE2012E&T(2)

ENGINEERING SERVICES EXAM 2012 - PART II

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11) Assuming that only logic inputs X and Y are available and their complements
X' and Y' are not available, the minimum number of two-input NAND gates required to implement X xor Y would be

    (a) 2     (b) 3      (c) 4      (d) 5

Solution

        F  = X  XOR Y

= X’Y+ XY’

= X’Y + XY’+ XX’ + YY’      (because XX’ = YY’ = 0)

= (X + Y) (X’ + Y’)    (rearranging and combining)

= (X+Y)(XY)’         (By DeMorgan’s theorem)

= X. (XY)’ + Y. (XY)’

Taking complement of above function

         

         F’= ( X. (XY)’ + Y. (XY)’ )’

= (X. (XY)’)’. (Y. (XY)’)

Complement again to get original function 

           F= ( (X. (XY)’)’. (Y. (XY)’) )’

 Therefore the minimum number of two-input NAND gates required = 4

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12) The minimum number of NAND gates required to implement A+ AB'+AB'C is equal to

(a) Zero         (b) 1        (c) 4         (d) 7

Solution

F = A+AB’+AB’C

   = A+AB’(1+C)       (because 1+C = 1, in Boolean algebra)

     

   = A+AB’

    

   = A(1+B’)

     

   = A

Minimum number of NAND gates required = 0

  

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13) The threshold effect in demodulators is

(a) The rapid fall of output SNR when the input SNR falls below a particular value

(b) Exhibited by all the demodulators when the input SNR is low

(c) Exhibited by all AM suppressed carrier coherent demodulators

(d) Exhibited by correlation receivers

Solution

FM demodulation is completely a non linear process in which input additive signal and noise components results in additive demodulated signal and noise output. This statement is held true if and only if S/N ratio of input is sufficiently high(above threshold SNR).Below threshold SNR output of demodulator will not be in additive form and will be so intermingled that we cannot recognize signal from noise. This leads to a rapid fall in SNR of output and is called threshold effect.

Answer is (a)

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14)  In communication systems, noise due to quantization error is

(a) Linear and signal dependent

(b) Non-linear and signal dependent

(c) Linear and signal independent at low frequencies only

(d) non-linear and signal dependent at low frequencies only

Solution

The effects of quantisation error are in fact both non linear and signal dependent. Non linear means we cannot calculate their effects using normal maths. Signal dependent means that even if we could calculate their effect, we would have to do so separately for every type of signal we expect. The only the only reliable way to check it is to implement a system , and test it against signals of the type expected.

For explanation click here 

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 15)  A small code of 8085 as given below, is executed

MVI A, 7FH

ORA A

CPI A2H

The contents of the accumulator and flags after execution are

(a) A = DD, S = 1, Z = 0, CY = 0       (b) A = 7F, S = 1, Z = 0, CY = 1

(c) A = DD, S=0, Z= 1, CY =0            (d) A = 7F, S = 0, Z = 1, CY = 1

Solution

MVI A, 7FH  => A contains 7F

ORA A => contents of A are ORed with itself and stored in A, so A contains 7F

CPI A2H  => The value of A is compared with immediate value, but value of A is unaltered only flags will change in value

7F=> 0111 1111

A2=>1010 0010

Compare=> 7F-A2 = DD (with a borrow)

Value at A is unaltered by the above operation, A=7F

CY bit is changed because there is carry generated from subtraction, CY=1

Z is the zero bit,Z=0

S is the sign bit and S=1 because compared output is negative

 answer is (b)

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 16) An Intel 8085 processor is executing the program given below:

MVI A, 10H

MVI B, 10H

BACK : NOP

ADD B

RLC

JNC BACK

HLT

The number of times that the operation NOP will be executed as

(a) 1           (b) 2            (c) 3           (d) 4

Solution

A= 0001 0000

B=0001 0000

LOOP1-steps

NOP ------(1)

A+B = 0 | 0010 0000 

Rotate Left with Carry => CY=0, A=0100 0000

Jump on Not Carry=>CY=0,LOOP AGAIN

LOOP2-steps

NOP  ------(2)

A+B= 0 | 0101 0000

Rotate Left with Carry => CY=0, A=1000 0000

Jump on Not Carry ,CY=0,LOOP AGAIN

LOOP3-steps

NOP  ------(3)

On this RLC step CY becomes 1,So JNC condition fails and program execution stops.

 The number of times NOP will be executed is 3

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 17)  While executing a program, 8085 microprocessor completes fetching of instruction JMP 2050 stored at address 2057H. The contents of the program counter after fetching the instruction would be
 

(a) 2050H       (b) 2057 H    (c) 205A H     (d) 2051 H

 Solution 

Program Counter(PC) points to the address of next instruction to be fetched.

Here JMP 2050 is at location 2057.

This means,

JMP will be at 2057    (8 bit instruction)

20 will be at 2058

50 will be at 2059

The next instruction will be at 205AH.

It is not 2050 because only after execution phase the processor will decide whether to take the jump or not. PC will be set long before the execution of previous instruction. So only after the execution phase of JMP 2050 it will save current PC and load the new value of 2050.              

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18)  A memory system has a total of 8 memory chips, each with 12 address lines and 4 data lines. The size of the memory system is
 

(a) 16k bytes      (b) 32k bytes     (c) 48 k bytes      (d) 64k bytes 

 Solution

There are 8 chips. Only 1 chip can be used at a time, for selection of 1 out of 8 chips we need 3 selection lines (chip select).

000 => first chip

001 => second chip

.

.

111 => eighth chip

Address lines remaining = 12-3=9

So for each chip there will be 2⁹ = 512 memory locations

For 8 chips 512 x 8 =4098 memory locations

There are only 4 data lines, each location can have a maximum of 4 bits only which can be read simultaneously

Therefore size of memory system = 4098 x 4 = 16k

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19)  The incorrect match (when n > 1) is

(a) SISD Model of computer : 1 control unit and 1 ALU
 

(b) SIMD Model of computer : 1 control unit and n ALUs
 

(c) MISD Model of computer : n control units and n ALUs
 

(d) MIMD model of computer : n control units and 1 ALU

 Solution

Single Instruction, Single Data – It has a single processor which executes a single instruction at a time on a single data stream.

Single Instruction, Multiple Data – It has multiple processing units which executes a single instruction at a time on multiple data streams. An application that may take advantage of SIMD is one where the same value is being added to (or subtracted from) a large number of data points, a common operation in many multimedia applications. One example would be changing the brightness of an image. Each pixel of an image consists of three values for the brightness of the red (R), green (G) and blue (B) portions of the color. To change the brightness, the R, G and B values are read from memory, a value is added to (or subtracted from) them, and the resulting values are written back out to memory.

Multiple Instruction, Single Data – This is a type of parallel computing architecture where many functional units perform different operations on the same data. Pipeline architectures belong to this type, though a purist might say that the data is different after processing by each stage in the pipeline. It requires n control units to decode n instructions, and n ALUs for doing operations on single data at ‘n’ processing units.

Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data – Machines using MIMD have a number of processors that function asynchronously and independently. At any time, different processors may be executing different instructions on different pieces of data. MIMD architectures may be used in a number of application areas such as computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing, simulation, modelling, and as communication switches. It requires n control units to decode n instructions, and n ALUs for doing operations on n datastreams at ‘n’ processing units.


For more details with diagrams click here

 Answer is (d)

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20)  A communication link is to be set up better two stations 100km as part using λ/2  antenna to transmit 1kW power. The operating frequency is 100 MHz and the directivity of the two antennae is 1.64. The maximum received power would be
 

(a) 3.06 x 10^-8 W    (b) 1.53 x 10^-8W    (c) 6.12 x 10^-8W    (d) 1 x 10^-8W

   

  Solution

The expression for recieved power is given by

$$P_{R}= \frac{P_{T}G_{T}G_{R}c^{2}}{(4\pi Rf)^{2}}$$

where

P_R – received power

P_T – transmitted power

G_R – receiver antenna directive gain (or directivity if we want maximum power)

G_T – transmitter antenna directive gain (or directivity if we want maximum power)

C – velocity of light

R – distance between transmitter and receiver

f – frequency of transmitted wave

For detailed explanation of above formula click here 

Substituting for all unknowns answer is (b)

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